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Adolescents Violent Conduct: A Case Study of Football Hooligans
Student Full Name
Institutional Affiliation
Course Full Title
Instructor Full Name
Due date
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Research Paper Outline
Part I: Introduction
How is The Concept of Violent Conduct in Football?
Violence is a complex ethical, political, psychological, social, and cultural phenomenon.
Therefore, several disciplines can be used for its study. These include philosophy,
criminology, law, psychology, sociology, and ethics. Violence is the use of force to threaten
another person. Violence and hooliganism in football involve fights between rival fans, which
intimidate and attach fans of other teams. This section will look at the following concept of
criminality and hooliganism.
a) Concept of violent criminality
b) Concept of hooliganism in sports
\u2022 Definition of fan hooliganisms and differentiation with other forms of criminality
\u2022 Concept of hooliganism in today\u2019s football games
What is the History of Violence at Football Matches?
Violence at sports events dates back to the period of the Roman Empire and Ancient Greece.
However, violence and hooliganism at football matches are specifically pronounced in the
recent history of sports and human civilization. This part will address the following items.
a) Football violence today
b) Periodization of hooliganism in football matches
c) Fan groups
d) Extreme fans
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What are the causes of hooliganism in football matches?
Most studies argue that social bonding and the desire to defend and protect other fans may be
a core motivation of fans to engage in violent hooliganism.
a) Motivation for hooliganism
b) Factors contributing to violence at sports events
c) The impact of alcohol and drugs on football violence \u2013 alcohol consumption by the fans
creates a higher chance of hooliganism in football matches. This is because alcohol
lowers the inhibitions of fans, leading them to violence. Alcohol bans have been
implemented, but they seem not to bear the desired results.
d) Family violence and football \u2013 the paper will also study the link between family violence
and the emotional cues resulting from wins and losses of football teams.
What are the Policy Measures to Counter Hooliganism?
Police departments in different countries have different ways to counter hooliganism at
football matches or other sports. In the past, police officers used force to bring calmness.
However, these repressive measures (traditional model) did not yield positive results. It even
led to more violence in some cases, and therefore there was a need for proactive measures.
However, repressive measures continue to be employed in specific circumstances. They
cannot be excluded from use, and therefore they are used to complement proactive means
where the results are poor. This section will look at;
a) The traditional model of countering hooliganism
b) International police cooperation in the struggle against hooliganism
c) Proactive police tactics applied to securing world and European football championships
d) Policing in several European countries
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Part II: Psychological Explanations of Football Hooliganism
This part will report on the psychological explanations of hooliganism in football matches.
a) Subcultural explanations \u2013 suggest that the cause of football hooliganism is the social
learning of people in a certain subculture. The following aspect will be elaborated on
subcultural.
\u2022 Subcultural explanations
\u2022 Football as a specific subculture
b) Social Identity Theory explanations \u2013 this theory offers a different explanation for the
cause of hooliganism in football. It argues that the influence of the football culture on
individuals affects their tendency to engage in violent activities. The following aspect of
social identity will be explained.
\u2022 The importance of identity
\u2022 Social Identity Theory – aims to predict and specify the circumstances that make
people think of themselves as group members or as individuals.
\u2022 Elaborated Social Model (ESIM) was developed to explain the dynamics of conflict
occurring in crowded events.
Conclusion
Aggression and violence have been part of mankind and it seems to have been
accepted in the society despite its endless negativity. Violence, hooliganism and violence
finds its place in football as a result of the social problems facing the fans. Over the recent
past, football matches have doubtless faced hooliganism. This phenomenon continues to
develop in both quantitative and qualitative terms. Solving the problem of violence in football
matches is not easy and simple. Reducing it to a socially acceptable level requires assessment
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so the risk of incidents by monitoring fans and pre-empting their intentions. Further
organization changes may be necessary to tackle hooliganism in football.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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