{"id":3772,"date":"2022-04-22T22:29:24","date_gmt":"2022-04-22T22:29:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/?p=3772"},"modified":"2022-04-22T22:29:26","modified_gmt":"2022-04-22T22:29:26","slug":"design-and-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/design-and-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Design and analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Part I Design Issues:<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explain both the similarity and difference between the two key terms in each option. In your answer of about 30-50 words, explain:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. How the two terms are related, and<\/li>
  2. How they are different.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    Terms<\/td>Your Answer<\/td><\/tr>
    Internal and External Validity<\/td>a   b  <\/td><\/tr>
    Between Subjects and Within Subjects Design<\/td>a   b      <\/td><\/tr>
    Type I (alpha) and Type 2(beta) error<\/td>a   b      <\/td><\/tr>
    A t test and Oneway Analysis of Variance<\/td>a   b      <\/td><\/tr>
    Spearman and Pearson Coefficients<\/td>a   b  <\/td><\/tr>
    Bonferroni and LSD Post Hoc Tests<\/td>a   b    <\/td><\/tr>
    Experimental and Non-experimental Designs<\/td>a   b    <\/td><\/tr>
    Positively and Negatively Skewed Distributions<\/td>a   b    <\/td><\/tr>
    Normal and Bimodal Distributions<\/td>a   b<\/td><\/tr>
    Random Sample and Stratified (or proportional) Sample<\/td>a   b    <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Part II Understanding Research:<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    I will describe a research design. Your job is to answer the following 7 questions about it. Each question is worth 4 points<\/strong>, for a total of 28 points. Answers will usually be at most a sentence long: sometimes only a word or two is needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Researcher VG wanted to find a way to improve student study habits for the Introduction to Psychology course. VG studied the literature and decided to use four different study methods that were described in it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Method A: unstructured study<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Method B: structured study with outline<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Method C: structured study with outline and discussion groups<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Method D: structured study with outline, discussion groups, and practice tests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Students studied in the specified way all term, and then took the same final exam at the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Question<\/td>Your Answer<\/td><\/tr>
    Approximately how many participants (in total) should VG use? Be realistic (VG does not have years to complete the research); also be statistically wise.<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
     If we wanted to describe VG\u2019s study in terms of a Control Group, which Method (A, B, C, or D) would be the control group? Why?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
     Why might VG want to use SPSS to make sure that the distribution of scores in the final exam was normal? Which SPSS procedure could VG use to do this?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
     Which inferential procedure\/s should VG use to compare the group averages?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
    What would the null hypothesis of the statistical test in (4) be? The alternative hypothesis?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
     VG had a favorite method \u2013 Method D. VG believed D would be better than all the other methods. How could this expectation be tested statistically?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
     How might VG use the technique of random assignment to groups in this research?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Part III Reading SPSS output,<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    This SPSS output is the result that VG got from data analysis for the research in the previous question. Answer the eleven questions below, 4 points each. Use 30 words or less for each answer. Sometimes only one or two words are enough.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                                     Descriptives<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    finalexamscore <\/td><\/tr>
     <\/td>N<\/td>Mean<\/td>Std. Deviation<\/td>Std. Error<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
    A<\/td>8<\/td>66.7500<\/td>13.41375<\/td>4.74248<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
    B<\/td>9<\/td>76.6667<\/td>4.30116<\/td>1.43372<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
    C<\/td>7<\/td>79.8571<\/td>5.39841<\/td>2.04041<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
    D<\/td>8<\/td>88.2500<\/td>5.14782<\/td>1.82003<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
    Total<\/td>32<\/td>77.7813<\/td>10.86496<\/td>1.92067<\/td> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    Tests of Homogeneity of Variances<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
     <\/td>Levene Statistic<\/td>df1<\/td>df2<\/td>Sig.<\/td><\/tr>
    finalexamscore<\/td>Based on Mean<\/td>2.832<\/td>3<\/td>28<\/td>.056<\/td><\/tr>
    Based on Median<\/td>2.650<\/td>3<\/td>28<\/td>.068<\/td><\/tr>
    Based on Median and with adjusted df<\/td>2.650<\/td>3<\/td>14.239<\/td>.089<\/td><\/tr>
    Based on trimmed mean<\/td>2.744<\/td>3<\/td>28<\/td>.062<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    ANOVA<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    finalexamscore <\/td><\/tr>
     <\/td>Sum of Squares<\/td>df<\/td>Mean Square<\/td>F<\/td>Sig.<\/td><\/tr>
    Between Groups<\/td>1891.612<\/td>3<\/td>630.537<\/td>9.987<\/td>.000<\/td><\/tr>
    Within Groups<\/td>1767.857<\/td>28<\/td>63.138<\/td> <\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
    Total<\/td>3659.469<\/td>31<\/td> <\/td> <\/td> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    Multiple Comparisons<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
    Dependent Variable:   finalexamscore <\/td><\/tr>
    LSD <\/td><\/tr>
    (I) method<\/td>(J) method<\/td>Mean Difference (I-J)<\/td>Std. Error<\/td>Sig.<\/td>95% Confidence Interval<\/td><\/tr>
    Lower Bound<\/td>Upper Bound<\/td><\/tr>
    A<\/td>B<\/td>-9.91667*<\/sup><\/td>3.86103<\/td>.016<\/td>-17.8256<\/td>-2.0077<\/td><\/tr>
    C<\/td>-13.10714*<\/sup><\/td>4.11241<\/td>.004<\/td>-21.5310<\/td>-4.6833<\/td><\/tr>
    D<\/td>-21.50000*<\/sup><\/td>3.97296<\/td>.000<\/td>-29.6382<\/td>-13.3618<\/td><\/tr>
    B<\/td>A<\/td>9.91667*<\/sup><\/td>3.86103<\/td>.016<\/td>2.0077<\/td>17.8256<\/td><\/tr>
    C<\/td>-3.19048<\/td>4.00437<\/td>.432<\/td>-11.3931<\/td>5.0121<\/td><\/tr>
    D<\/td>-11.58333*<\/sup><\/td>3.86103<\/td>.006<\/td>-19.4923<\/td>-3.6744<\/td><\/tr>
    C<\/td>A<\/td>13.10714*<\/sup><\/td>4.11241<\/td>.004<\/td>4.6833<\/td>21.5310<\/td><\/tr>
    B<\/td>3.19048<\/td>4.00437<\/td>.432<\/td>-5.0121<\/td>11.3931<\/td><\/tr>
    D<\/td>-8.39286<\/td>4.11241<\/td>.051<\/td>-16.8167<\/td>.0310<\/td><\/tr>
    D<\/td>A<\/td>21.50000*<\/sup><\/td>3.97296<\/td>.000<\/td>13.3618<\/td>29.6382<\/td><\/tr>
    B<\/td>11.58333*<\/sup><\/td>3.86103<\/td>.006<\/td>3.6744<\/td>19.4923<\/td><\/tr>
    C<\/td>8.39286<\/td>4.11241<\/td>.051<\/td>-.0310<\/td>16.8167<\/td><\/tr>
    *. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    Question<\/td>Your Answer<\/td><\/tr>
    How many participants used study Method C in this research?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
     Which of the four groups (A, B, C, or D) had the widest spread of scores (greatest variability)? How do you know?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
     Was the assumption of homogeneity of variance satisfied? How do you know?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
     Was the main null hypothesis of the research rejected? How do you know?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
     The F value of 9.987 comes from dividing one number in the ANOVA table by another (it is a ratio). What are the two numbers?<\/td>    _____________ is divided by _______________<\/td><\/tr>
     In comparison to a Bonferroni, was the post hoc test employed likely to find and report more or fewer significant differences? How do you know?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
     Which two of the study Methods were most similar to each other in terms of final exam mean?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
     According to the post-hoc test, were the two means in your answer to the previous question (7) significantly different?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
     Was VG\u2019s expectation (that Method D would provide the best results) supported by the data and analysis? How do you know?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
     How many degrees of freedom does the F test have?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr>
     What was the average score on the final exam for Group A?<\/td> <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Part I Design Issues: Explain both the similarity and difference between the two key terms in each option. In your […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDesign and analysis - Highclasswriters<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/design-and-analysis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Design and analysis - Highclasswriters\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Part I Design Issues: Explain both the similarity and difference between the two key terms in each option. In your […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/design-and-analysis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Highclasswriters\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-04-22T22:29:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-04-22T22:29:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/design-and-analysis\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/design-and-analysis\/\",\"name\":\"Design and analysis - Highclasswriters\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-04-22T22:29:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-04-22T22:29:26+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/06412d8249aafcb0c75ea9958c98aaae\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/design-and-analysis\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/design-and-analysis\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/design-and-analysis\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Design and analysis\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Highclasswriters\",\"description\":\"Essay Writing Service\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/06412d8249aafcb0c75ea9958c98aaae\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/99ccb26aea1053c4c33c76cde1eee45f1ec58485d03e72c412d111c386e42174?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/99ccb26aea1053c4c33c76cde1eee45f1ec58485d03e72c412d111c386e42174?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/author\/admin\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Design and analysis - Highclasswriters","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/design-and-analysis\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Design and analysis - Highclasswriters","og_description":"Part I Design Issues: Explain both the similarity and difference between the two key terms in each option. In your […]","og_url":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/design-and-analysis\/","og_site_name":"Highclasswriters","article_published_time":"2022-04-22T22:29:24+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-04-22T22:29:26+00:00","author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/design-and-analysis\/","url":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/design-and-analysis\/","name":"Design and analysis - Highclasswriters","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-04-22T22:29:24+00:00","dateModified":"2022-04-22T22:29:26+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/06412d8249aafcb0c75ea9958c98aaae"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/design-and-analysis\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/design-and-analysis\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/design-and-analysis\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Design and analysis"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/","name":"Highclasswriters","description":"Essay Writing Service","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/06412d8249aafcb0c75ea9958c98aaae","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/99ccb26aea1053c4c33c76cde1eee45f1ec58485d03e72c412d111c386e42174?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/99ccb26aea1053c4c33c76cde1eee45f1ec58485d03e72c412d111c386e42174?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog"],"url":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3772","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3772"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3772\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3773,"href":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3772\/revisions\/3773"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/highclasswriters.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}