What Explains Variations in the Exit from Communism?

The material MUST be from the textbook below. Please let me know if you need access. The material should reference previous chapters, as well as answer the direct questions on pages 316/317. (the pages might be different since I have the PDF version. Please find What Explains Variations in Exit from Communism within the textbook.
O’Neil, Patrick. Essentials of Comparative Politics. Seventh, W. W. Norton and Company, 2020.
Please read “What Explains Variations in Exit from Communism?” on pages 316-317 and then answer the following questions. ONE PAGE FOR EACH.
Given what we have learned about communist ideology, how could opposition forces have used nationalism as a critique of communism?We have often spoken about modernization theory, which has argued in part that developments like literacy would lead to democracy. But could high early literacy and nationalism lead to a political transition that simply replaces one authoritarian regime and its elites with another?In recent years, there have been large protests for greater democracy in Hong Kong, which came under Chinese control after a century of British rule. If we were to speculate that Darden and Gryzmala-Busse’s theory helps explain these protests, what kind of evidence would we want to look for?

Requirements for original responses:

  • Original responses must include:
    • a clear thesis statement, which directly addresses the question posed and gives readers an indication of the argument you plan to make;
    • direct reference to the assigned materials (to illustrate your comprehension of the reading materials);
    • a body of factual examples/evidence that supports your thesis and develops your argument; 
      • To be clear, you MUST reference the assigned materials using direct quotations, or cited, paraphrased passages, in order to receive full credit for your submission.
      • Responses that don’t have substantial and significant references to the assigned materials will receive a grade no higher than a D.
    • a coherent paragraph structure that emphasizes the main points of your argument and college-level English; and,
    • a succinct concluding paragraph.
      • In other words, you should have multiple paragraphs!

These responses do not need to be lengthy essays, but they do need to be substantial and thoughtful and demonstrate your attempt to understand the cases and materials. If it appears that you are Googling answers or taking any other shortcuts (anything other than reading the materials and undertaking independent research), you may not receive credit.

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