Just respond to the classmates and professors

Discussion questionsTopic 6 DQ 2 Nov 10-14, 2022 Now, imagine you are the CEO of a large hospital. You are interested in reducing the turnover among nurses. You wish to understand the reasons for leaving their jobs on a more personal, open, and in-depth manner. You plan a phenomenological study to obtain the lived experiences of a small sample of participants who recently left the hospital. What qualitative sources of data and data analysis approaches are aligned and ideal for use in such a study? Explain. What sources of data and data analysis approaches are not aligned and ideal for such a study? Why?

My response to the professor

Qualitative Data Analysis What qualitative sources of data and data analysis approaches are aligned and ideal for use in such a study? Explain. A phenomenological investigation is a sort of research that investigates and emphasizes on the understanding of persons centered on occurrences (Coyle, 2021). Qualitative research necessitates doing an in-depth examination of a phenomenon using non-numerical data. The best sources of qualitative information for this study include. Use of Unstructured and Semi-structured interviews Semi-structured and unstructured interviews are both options where the CEO supports the interviewee in speaking freely concerning their expertise (Mayring, 2021). The interview questions must seek clarity and additional analysis of the reasons why caregivers are quitting their positions. Use Of Questionnaires and Open-Ended Surveys Open-ended surveys and questionnaires should be developed to better explore the rate of nurse turnover and its trends, as well as the reasons and effects (Smith, 2020). This allows the researcher to collect primary data from nurses who have left their positions and truly comprehend why the rates of employee turnover is growing. Interpretative and Thematic analysis Thematic and interpretative analysis phenomenological analyses are the best approaches for studying the data since they can be used to analyze spoken or written communications and structures of significance in data collection, such as data from surveys and interviews (Mayring, 2021). What sources of data and data analysis approaches are not aligned and ideal for such a study? Why? Artifacts are poor sources of qualitative data for establishing why nurses quit their professions. Researchers cannot gain an in-depth knowledge of the rationale for rising nurse turnover by reviewing artifacts and pre-existing data (Smith, 2020). Empirical evidence is also not an acceptable data source since the CEO might not comprehend why caregivers are quitting their positions merely by looking at them. The CEO can see but cannot comprehend their reasoning since the subject demands thorough comprehension. Since they assess trends within content such as words, pictures, and phrases in papers and databases, grounded theory, discourse analysis, content analysis, and qualitative content analysis are not suited for data analysis. 

 References

Smith, J. (2020). Interpretative phenomenological analysis. Google Books. Retrieved November 11, 2022, from https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=UTxdBAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Peoples%2C%2BK.%2B%282020%29.%2BHow%2Bto%2Bwrite%2Ba%2Bphenomenological%2Bdissertation%3A%2BA%2Bstep-by-step%2Bguide%2B%28Vol.%2B56%29.%2BSage%2BPublications.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMwZWevaX7AhW3XfEDHYLMB8wQ6AF6BAgREAI#v=onepage&q&f=fal see 

Mayring, P. (2021). Qualitative content analysis. Google Books. Retrieved November 11, 2022, from https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=luU3EAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Peoples%2C%2BK.%2B%282020%29.%2BHow%2Bto%2Bwrite%2Ba%2Bphenomenological%2Bdissertation%3A%2BA%2Bstep-by-step%2Bguide%2B%28Vol.%2B56%29.%2BSage%2BPublications.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjN3bGYwaX7AhUzX_EDHbq8AqE4ChDoAXoECBAQAg#v=onepage&q&f=false

Coyle. (2021). Analyzing qualitative data in psychology. Google Books. Retrieved November 12, 2022, from https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=n0UgEAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Interpretative%2Bphenomenological%2Banalysis&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPnO664Kf7AhWMYPEDHfonBo8Q6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=Interpretative%20phenomenological%20analysis&f=false  

professor to classmates

Hello Class, Phenomenological design is an important and unique design. Another popular design is qualitative descriptive design. Both feature exploration of the experiences of the participants. Yet, these two designs are quite different. Please see the following seminal methodology and design article. Share your thoughts on these design and the article with the class. Dr. Stanley Willis DG, Sullivan-Bolyai S, Knafl K, Cohen MZ. Distinguishing Features and Similarities Between Descriptive Phenomenological and Qualitative Description Research. West J Nurs Res. 2016 Sep;38(9):1185-204. doi: 10.1177/0193945916645499. Epub 2016 Apr 22. PMID: 27106878. Attachments

janine classmate’s response to the professor

The Phenomenology design describes the lived experiences of the participants and how they experienced particular moments (Chess & Adams-Thies, 2021). The qualitative sources of data that are aligned to the phenomenological study are unstructured or semi-structured interviews and possibly focus groups because we are exploring the turnover in an in-depth manner and these data sources allow for the exploration of this. In this study, we want to find out the specific experiences and examine the reasons that the nurses have left the hospital. The data analysis approaches that are aligned are a thematic analysis and coding that includes interpretive interview summaries which are done systematically because the goal is to analyze the lived experience of the nurses. The sources of data that would not be aligned would be identifying concepts that will comprise the theory or model or surveys or questionaries. For this study, we are looking for in-depth experience and none of these sources give us this. References Chess, P. S., & Adams-Thies, B. (2021). Qualitative data analysis. GCU Doctoral Research: Introduction to Sampling, Data Collection, and Data Analysis. Grand Canyon University.

melissa classmate’s response to the professor

As CEO of a large hospital my interest lies in reducing the turnover among nurses. I would like to understand the reasons they are leaving their jobs in a more personal, open, and in-depth manner. I plan a phenomenological study to obtain the lived experiences of a small sample of participants who recently left the hospital. The qualitative sources of data and data analysis approaches which are aligned and ideal for use in such a study would be information and lived experiences that I obtain from the patients in order to determine the disposition of the nurses; unstructured interviews are the best data source for this study. Unstructured interviews allow for open ended questions that will show qualitative data as information will come from the subject’s own experiences that will help with understanding their take on that particular experience (Williamson, 2013). Thematic analysis is a way to identify then analyze data set themes that show the most noticeable sequences that are vital to a phenomenological research study; it is flexible and can be used with many types of research designs (Joffe, 2012). Khademi et al (2012) opined that dignity is an important facet to work environments. Using unstructured interviews to determine content analysis it was determined that nurses went through such experiences as humiliation, a feeling of being ignored, and abuse which ultimately affected job performance and satisfaction with their roles in the nursing profession which required that they need a dignified environment in order to thrive. Obtaining insight into nursing job satisfaction can help with recruitment and retention efforts, as well as, focus on interventions to address any issues and on what provides satisfaction for retention (Morgan and Lynn, 2009). The sources of data and data analysis approaches which are not aligned and ideal for such a study would come from content analysis instead of thematic analysis. Content analysis is used for huge amounts of textual (ie. videos, photos) for words and patterns and not lived experiences. Although coding is prevalent in both designs, with thematic analysis coding is based on themes, the data is supported and is relative to the research questions. Content analysis is based on categories and subcategories are provided as conceptual maps and models for the presented research. Blessings: Melissa M. Turner References: Joffe, H. (2012). Thematic analysis. Qualitative research methods in mental health and psychotherapy: A guide for students and practitioners, 1, 210-223. Khademi, M., Mohammadi, E., & Vanaki, Z. (2012). Nurses’ experiences of violation of their dignity. Nursing Ethics, 19(3), 328-340. Morgan, J. C., & Lynn, M. R. (2009). Satisfaction in nursing in the context of shortage. Journal of nursing management, 17(3), 401-410. Williamson, C. (2013). Questionnaires, individual interviews and focus groups. In Research methods: Information, systems, and contexts (pp. 349-372). Tilde University Press.

cortalya to melissa classmate’s response

Hello Melissa, Since the study is phenomenological and interested in the lived experiences of nurses who left the hospital, the main source of qualitative data is none other than the target participants themselves. In collecting data for a phenomenological inquiry such as this one, the researcher will conduct in-depth interviewing, preferably unstructured, with the participants. The participants in this sense, become “co-researchers” (which is why in some phenomenological studies, they are referred to with this term) because in the event of disclosing relevant experiences, they are also participating in the process of research not in a mechanical way, but in an organic or natural one. For phenomenological studies, collaboration and good rapport with the participants are of great importance. Regardless of the type of phenomenological inquiry, the researcher will have the participants as his/her main sources of qualitative data. However, some researchers sometimes find it helpful to keep a journal wherein they can input their reflections while doing the study, especially the interviews. Now as for the data analysis, phenomenology normally uses thematic analysis. Regardless of the type of phenomenological inquiry, themes are the results that are to be expected from the study. Themes will come from a process of reading and re-reading the interview transcripts, eliminating parts that do not constitute to the main object of the inquiry (which in this case is the phenomenon of nurses leaving the hospital), and synthesizing the remaining parts which constitute to the object of the inquiry. The following more or less sum up the steps that the researcher undertake in analyzing the data for a phenomenological study based on Peoples (2020): (1) reading and deleting irrelevant information; (2) creating preliminary meaning units; (3) simplifying preliminary meaning units into final meaning units; (4) reiterating situated narratives relevant to the meaning units; (5) combining all situated narratives into a general narrative; and (6) synthesizing final meaning units and the general narrative, into one general description of the lived experience. Peoples, K. (2020). How to write a phenomenological dissertation: A step-by-step guide (Vol. 56). Sage Publications.

Cortalya to professor 

A phenomenological study refers to a type of study that explores individuals’ experiences and focuses on their experiences based on the phenomena. Qualitative research entails taking a deep quality look at a phenomenon that involves looking in-depth at non-numerical data (Mitchell et al., 2013). The ideal sources of qualitative data to be used in this research entail. Interviews can be unstructured and semi-structured, where the CEO helps the respondent talk about their experiences freely. The questions asked during the interview should seek clarification and further exploration on why nurses are leaving their jobs. Questionnaires and open-ended surveys should be established to investigate the rate of nurse turnover and its patterns by further exploring the causes and consequences (Mitchell et al., 2013). This helps the researcher obtain first-hand information from the nurses who left their jobs and understand why job turnover increases. Thematic analysis is interpretive phenomenological analysis are the ideal methods of analyzing data because they can be applied to written or oral communications and patterns of meaning in a data set, such as analyzing data from interviews and questionnaires (Mitchell et al., 2013). Artifacts are not ideal sources of qualitative data in determining why nurses are leaving their jobs (Mitchell et al., 2013). By examining artifacts and pre-existing data, we cannot understand the reasons behind increased turnover among nurses. Direct observation is also not an ideal data source because by just looking at nurses, the CEO cannot understand why nurses are leaving their jobs. The CEO can observe but cannot understand their reasons because the matter requires an in-depth understanding. Qualitative content analysis, discourse analysis, and grounded theory are not ideal for analyzing data because they evaluate patterns within content such as phrases, images, words in contents like documents and records. Mitchell, M., Namey, E., & Guest, G. (2013). In-Depth Interviews. Collecting Qualitative Data: A Field Manual For Applied Research, 113-171. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781506374680.n4