Identify and discuss the advantages and challenges of the reliance on either a) IMINT/GEOINT, b) SIGINT or c) OSINT/SOCMINT

No Plagiarism at all.  This post is related to the intelligence in peace and war module of international relations. Once complete please send it in word version. Must be of 300 words minimum. Please try to use the following sources as much as possible.

Mark Lowenthal,  Intelligence. From Secrets to Policy. 6th Edition.  (London. Sage, 2015) Ch. 5 ‘Collection and Collection Disciplines’
Matthew M Aid (2003) All Glory is Fleeting: Sigint and the Fight Against International Terrorism,  Chapter 4,  in Andrew, C., Aldrich, R., Wark, W., (Eds.)  Secret Intelligence. A Reader 2nd ed. (London, USA and Canada. Routledge, 2020).  https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/staffordshire/reader.action?docID=5839949&ppg=63  or Intelligence and National Security, 18:4, 72- 120, DOI: 10.1080/02684520310001688880  
Sir David Omand, Jamie Bartlett & Carl Miller (2012) Introducing Social Media Intelligence (SOCMINT),  Chapter 5,  in Andrew, C., Aldrich, R., Wark, W., (Eds.)  Secret Intelligence. A Reader 2nd ed. (London, USA and Canada. Routledge, 2020) https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/staffordshire/reader.action?docID=5839949&ppg=102 . also Intelligence and National Security, 27:6, 801-823, DOI: 10.1080/02684527.2012.716965Stevyn D. Gibson, ‘Exploring the role and value of open source’ C hapter 6,  in Andrew, C., Aldrich, R., Wark, W., (Eds.)  Secret Intelligence. A Reader 2nd ed. (London, USA and Canada. Routledge, 2020).   https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/staffordshire/reader.action?docID=5839949&ppg=120Stephen  Mercado , ‘A venerable source in a new era. Sailing the sea of OSINT in the information age’, Studies in Intelligence 48:3  (2004)  https://web.archive.org/web/20201219041933/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol48no3/article05.html


[1] Mark Lowenthal, Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy. 6th Edition. (Los Angeles: Sage, 2015); 107.[2] Adapted from Mark Lowenthal, Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy. 6th Edition. (Los Angeles: Sage, 2015); 115.[3] Examples include the targeting of V2 Rocket sites, the use of aerial photography across northern France prior to D-Day and the continued use of P-51 Mustangs and Supermarine Spitfires for aerial reconnaissance of German positions throughout 1944 and 1945. Supreme Allied Commander, General Dwight Eisenhower would bring his enthusiasm for intelligence during the Second World War to the White House as President, 1953-61. See, C. Andrew, ‘American Presidents and their Intelligence Communities’ in Andrew, Aldrich and Wark (eds), Secret Intelligence: A Reader 2nd ed (Abingddon: Routledge, 2020;  https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/staffordshire/reader.action?docID=5839949&ppg=163 Or here http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02684529508432327[4] David Robarge, Archangel: CIA’s Supersonic Reconnaissance Aircraft 2nd Edition (CIA, 2012), https://www.cia.gov/resources/csi/books-monographs/archangel-cias-supersonic-a-12-reconnaissance-aircraft/[5] As in the Kosovo campaign, where smart bombs were dropped artillery decoys constructed out of truck axles and drain pipes. See, Gary Eason, ‘Analysis: Military Deception’, BBC News 21 March 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2872171.stm[6] Mark Lowenthal, Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy. 6th Edition. (Los Angeles: Sage, 2015); 89.[7]  Geoff Brumfiel ‘Ukrainian Plane Crash In Iran: Here’s What The Available Evidence Shows’ NPR News, 10 January 2020. https://www.npr.org/2020/01/10/795252134/ukrainian-plane-crash-in-iran-heres-what-the-available-evidence-shows?t=1578996280812[8] Mercado, Stephen, ‘A venerable source in a new era. Sailing the sea of OSINT in the information age’ Studies in Intelligence 48:3 (2004)  https://web.archive.org/web/20201219041933/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol48no3/article05.html

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