1. Look at the splintering of the original Islamic Caliphate and write about some of the emerging states/empires/caliphates. (You may need to do some additional outside research if you are interested in this question.)

references: 
Cultures of the West: A Historyby Clifford Backman              

                                Oxford University Press (2^nd or 3^rd edition)

Chapter 10 in Cultures of the West  third edition

                           or Chapter 10 in Cultures of the West  second edition