Bio 224 Anatomy Chapter 16 Name:________________
1. Pulmonary ventilation is normally accomplished by
A. gas transport
B. cellular respiration
C. internal gas exchange
D. breathing
2. The most superior portion of the pharynx is the
A. laryngeal pharynx
B. septum
C. nasopharynx
D. oropharynx
3. Which characteristic does NOT apply to the tissue that lines the trachea?
A. epithelial
B. squamous
C. pseudostratified
D. columnar
4. The pleural space is located
A. between neighboring alveoli
B. between the layers of the membrane covering the lungs
C. between the ribs
D. in the nasal cavity
5. Which of the following forms the Adam’s apple?
A. thyroid cartilage
B. glottis
C. cricoid cartilage
D. hyoid bone
6. Which structure is reinforced by rings of cartilage?
A. trachea
B. conchae
C. nasopharynx
D. All of the answers are correct.
7. The process that involves the neck and abdominal muscles is
A. quiet exhalation
B. forceful exhalation
C. quiet inspiration
D. None of the answers are correct.
8. How is most carbon dioxide transported in the blood?
A. dissolved in plasma
B. bound to hemoglobin
C. bound to albumin
D. in the form of bicarbonate ions
9. Oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood by
A. diffusion
B. active transport
C. endocytosis
D. pinocytosis
10. Carbon monoxide acts as a poison by
A. circulating in the blood at high concentration
B. binding to hemoglobin, displacing oxygen
C. binding to hemoglobin, displacing carbon dioxide
D. forming carbonic acid
11. The approximate percentage of carbon dioxide carried in solution in the blood is
A. 75%
B. 100%
C. 10%
D. 0%
12. The peripheral chemoreceptors that regulate breathing are located in the
A. brachiocephalic vein and superior vena cava
B. carotid artery and aorta
C. cerebellum and pons
D. coronary sinus and alveoli
13. The substance that stimulates the central chemoreceptors is
A. carbon dioxide
B. hydrogen ions
C. bicarbonate ions
D. oxygen
14. Central respiratory centers are located in the
A. cerebellum and pons
B. carotid artery and medulla
C. right atrium and cerebellum
D. medulla and pons
15. Which breathing pattern would result in the greatest decrease in blood pH?
A. apnea
B. tachypnea
C. hyperpnea
D. mispnea
16. Normal breathing rates for adults range from ________ breaths per minute.
A. 10 to 18
B. 12 to 20
C. 15 to 30
D. 20 to 40
17. The word root spir/o means
A. side
B. incomplete
C. straight
D. breathing
18. The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the:
| a. | maxillary. |
| b. | frontal. |
| c. | ethmoid. |
| d. | sphenoid. |
19. The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of _____ epithelium.
| a. | stratified columnar |
| b. | pseudostratified columnar |
| c. | simple squamous |
| d. | simple columnar |
20. Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with:
| a. | bone marrow. |
| b. | a serous fluid. |
| c. | mucus. |
| d. | air. |
21. The more common name for the pharynx is the:
| a. | throat. |
| b. | windpipe. |
| c. | voice box. |
| d. | nasal cavity. |
22. The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called:
| a. | choanae. |
| b. | paranasal sinuses. |
| c. | conchae. |
| d. | vibrissae. |
23. The function of the vibrissae in the vestibule is to:
| a. | provide a large, mucus-covered surface area over which air must pass before reaching the pharynx. |
| b. | provide an initial “filter” to screen particulate matter from air that is entering the system. |
| c. | produce copious quantities of mucus. |
| d. | serve as resonating chambers for speech. |
24. The structure in the neck known as the “Adam’s apple” is the:
| a. | epiglottis. |
| b. | cricoid cartilage. |
| c. | glottis. |
| d. | thyroid cartilage. |
25. The eustachian tube connects the middle ear with the:
| a. | trachea. |
| b. | nose. |
| c. | nasopharynx. |
| d. | oropharynx. |
26. Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the:
| a. | bronchioles. |
| b. | secondary bronchi. |
| c. | primary bronchi. |
| d. | alveoli. |
27. The function of surfactant is to:
| a. | transport oxygen from the air to the blood. |
| b. | transport carbon dioxide from the blood to the air. |
| c. | prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration. |
| d. | trap foreign particles as they enter the bronchial tree. |
28. In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the:
| a. | horizontal fissure. |
| b. | oblique fissure. |
| c. | bronchopulmonary segments. |
| d. | hilum. |
29. Air inhaled through the mouth would be _____ than air inhaled through the nose.
| a. | warmer |
| b. | dirtier |
| c. | moister |
| d. | All of the above are correct. |
30. Which of these is not an opening in the pharynx?
| a. | Trachea |
| b. | Eustachian tube |
| c. | The fauces |
| d. | Esophagus |
31. The total number of lobes in both lungs is:
| a. | 6. |
| b. | 5. |
| c. | 4. |
| d. | 3. |
32. The cribriform plate is part of the:
| a. | nasal bone. |
| b. | palatine bone. |
| c. | ethmoid bone. |
| d. | nasal conchae. |
33. For purposes of study, the respiratory system can be divided into what two parts?
| a. | Air distribution and gas exchange |
| b. | Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract |
| c. | Trachea and lungs |
| d. | Cranial and thoracic |
34. The more correct name for a sore throat is:
| a. | rhinitis. |
| b. | laryngitis. |
| c. | pharyngitis. |
| d. | tonsillitis. |
35. Which of these is the only opening to the oropharynx?
| a. | The fauces |
| b. | Eustachian tubes (auditory tubes) |
| c. | Posterior nares |
| d. | The esophagus |
36. Which pair of tonsils is located in the oropharynx?
| a. | Pharyngeal tonsils |
| b. | Palatine tonsils |
| c. | Lingual tonsils |
| d. | Both B and C |
37. Which pair of tonsils is located in the nasopharynx?
| a. | Pharyngeal tonsils |
| b. | Palatine tonsils |
| c. | Lingual tonsils |
| d. | Both B and C |
38. Gas exchange occurs across the:
| a. | respiratory mucosa. |
| b. | respiratory membrane. |
| c. | visceral pleura. |
| d. | pulmonary membrane |
MATCHING
Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location.
a. Distal convoluted tubule
b. Glomerulus
c. Bowman capsule
d. Loop of Henle
e. Proximal convoluted tubule
f. Collecting duct
g. Peritubular capillary
h. Vasa recta
1. tube nearest to Bowman capsule
2. structure into which the proximal convoluted tubule empties
3. name given to the blood vessel surrounding the loop of Henle
4. name given to the blood vessel in Bowman capsule
5. blood vessel that surrounds the tubules of the nephron
6. structure other than the collecting duct in which adjustment of blood pH can occur
7. part of the nephron that establishes a countercurrent multiplier mechanism
8. cup-shaped structure surrounding the glomerulus