PART A: SHORT-ANSWERS QUESTIONS (4 x 4 marks each = 16 marks)
Short answers: about 6 to 8 sentences depending on the question
- generalcategories of symptoms of psychopathy that remains stable with age and the one(s) that is more likely to change with age(4 marks).
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PART B: MEDIUM-LONG ANSWERS QUESTIONS (7 x 12 marks each = 84 marks)
Medium answers: about 1/2 a page of typed contentanswer all parts (A, B OR A, B, C) of each question
- A) Describe the concept of operant conditioning (3 marks).
- Thereafter, explain how a person can learn violent crime through reinforcement (3 marks), differential reinforcement (3 marks), and vicarious reinforcement (3 marks).
6. A) Define Albert Bandura’s concept of moral disengagement (2 marks).
B) Explain three cognitive mechanisms of moral disengagement (3 x 2 marks).
C) Describe one example for two of these cognitive mechanisms as they relate to criminal behaviour (2 x 2 marks).
7. A) Explain oneessential principle of Symptom-Based theories of crime (3 marks).
B) Using the Symptom-Based theories, discuss how three types of symptoms of a mental disorder can correlate with violent acts or result in criminal behaviour (3 x 3marks).
8. A) Define the meaning of “psychoactive drug” (2 marks) and the meaning of “depressants” (2 marks).
B) Thereafter, describe the disinhibition hypothesis (4 marks) and cognitive-interferencehypothesis (4 marks), that theories have proposed to explain the alcohol-violence relation.
9. A) Define a filicide (2 marks).Thereafter, excluding an antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy, describe two characteristics of a mental disorder associated with a filicide (2 x 2 marks).
B) Define a mass murder (2 marks). Thereafter, excluding an antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy, describe two characteristics of a mental disorder associated with a mass murder (2 x 2 marks).
10. A) Define a paraphilic mental disorder in general (3 marks) and the mental disorder of sexual sadism (3 marks).
B) Afterwards, providetwo reasons why dysfunctions within the prefrontal cortex and the hypothalamus can lead to deviant sexual preferences such as sexual sadism (2 x 3 marks).
11.A) Describe the main purpose of offender treatment (3 marks).
B) Thereafter, describe the essential characteristics of the three principles of the Risk-Needs-Responsivity model of treatment, namely the Risk Principle (3 marks), the Need Principle (3 marks), and the Responsivity Principle (3 marks).
END OF THE ASSESSMENT